Imibanire mpuzamahanga :

Abanditsi benshi bemeranya ko amateka ya hafi y'imibanire mpuzamahanga atangirira mu mwaka wa 1648, ubwo hashyirwaga umukono ku masezerano y'amahoro yiswe "Peace of Westphalia".

Aya masezerano yahagaritse intambara ishingiye ku madini ibihugu bikomeye by' i Burayi byari bimazemo imyaka 30, yemeza ko buri mutegetsi w'igihugu, mu mipaka cyari gifite icyo gihe, akwiye kwigenga, akagira ubusugire, kandi ko Igihugu aricyo kigomba kuba "Main Actor" muri politiki mpuzamahanga.

Ubusugire nibwo bwabaye ishingiro ry'imibanire hagati y'ibihugu guhera ubwo kugeza uyu munsi.

Imibanire mpuzamahanga mubihe byakurikiyeho kugeza ubu.

Nyuma y'aya masezerano, nta mahoro arambye yigeze abaho. Ibihugu byakomeje gushyamirana bitewe n'uko buri gihugu cyashakaga kurengera inyungu zacyo, akenshi gikoresheje uburyo bubangamira iz'ibindi. Intambara zarakomeje hagati y'ibihugu bikomeye by'i Burayi. Byaterwaga n'ihiganwa rikomeye hagati yabyo:

Guhiganwa mu ngufu za politiki na gisirikare byatumye imiterere y'ibihugu igenda ihindagurika; ibihugu bimwe byishyira hamwe, ibindi bigasenyuka;

Ihiganwa mu by'ubukungu byaje kubyara Ubukoloni bwa Afrika, ibice bimwe bya Aziya na Amerika y'amajyepfo no kwigabanya ibyo bice by'isi hagati y'ibihangange by'icyo gihe;

Ihiganwa mu by'ubukungu no mu bya politiki na gisirikare byombi byaje kubyara intambara z'isi zombi;

Intambara ikonje yaranze Isi y'ibihangange bibiri, ibindi bihugu bishyirwa mu ibice bitatu;

Nyuma y'intambara ikonje hasigaye igihangange kimwe ariko haza kuvuka ibindi bihangange bizamuka vubavuba cyane , bituma n'imibanire ihindura isura ho gato, cyane cyane mu nama mpuzamahanga;

Imiryango mpuzamahanga yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kugenga imibanire hagati y'ibihugu: Imiryango ihuza ibihugu , Imiryango mpuzamahanga itegamiye kuri Leta , Amasosiyete mpuzamahanga;

Isi yabaye umudugudu , imibanire mpuzamahanga igenda ikurikira uko iterambere rigenda ryiyongera, kandi ihiganwa rigenda rihindura isura uko bukeye n'uko bwije 3. Amwe mu mahame y'ingenzi agenga imibanire y'ibihugu

Mu mibanire y'ibihugu, hari amahame menshi ibihugu byemeranyijeho, cyane cyane binyujijwe mu mategeko agenga Umuryango w'Abibumbye n'indi Miryango mpuzamahanga ibihugu bihuriyeho.

Ayo mahame niyo agenga muri rusange imibanire hagati y'ibihugu n'ubutwererane n'ubufatanye hagati yabyo.

Nubwo hari igihe bimwe mu bihugu bikomeye byirengagiza ayo mahame kubera inyungu za politiki, ubukungu, ubucuruzi n'ibindi, ayo mahame ntiyavuyeho kandi n'ibihugu biyica rimwe na rimwe, hari ikindi gihe biyakoresha.

Ibi birerekana ko ayo mahame agifite agaciro ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Turatanga ingero z'amwe muriyo :

Ukureshya kw'ibihugu mu mategeko mpuzamahanga ;

Ibihugu byose birareshya ku rwego mpuzamahanga kandi bikabana mu bwubahane. Bisobanuye ko ibihugu byose bifite ububasha n'uburenganzira bungana mu mategeko.

Ifatwa ry'ibyemezo mu nama mpuzamahanga hakoreshejwe amatora atanga ijwi rimwe kuri buri gihugu hatitawe ku buhangange bwacyo cyangwa ku bukene bwacyo gushingiye kuri iri hame.

Ryemejwe inshuro nyinshi n'Inama y'Inteko Rusange y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye.

Nko mu nama yo ku wa 8 Ukuboza 1998 yigaga ku birebana n'iyemezwa ry'amasezerano mpuzamahanga, iyo nama yafashe icyemezo cyivuga ko Mu mishyikirano yose igamije gufata icyemezo ku rwego mpuzamahanga, Leta zose zisabwa kubahiriza Ukureshya kwazo hatitawe ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose ireba izo Leta yaba iyerekeye ubukungu bwazo, politiki, imibereho y'abaturage n'ibindi.

Nubwo hariho iri hame ariko, mu nzego nyinshi z'imikorere y'Ibihugu n'Imiryango mpuzamahanga, hagaragaramo ubusumbane.

Urugero :

Inama y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye Ishinzwe Amahoro ku Isi :

ibihugu 5 bifitemo icyicaro gihoraho kandi bikagira uburenganzira bwo kuburizamo icyemezo.

Mu mibereho y'ibihugu, hariho ubusumbane bushingiye ahanini ku bukungu n'imbaraga z'igihugu. Ibihugu byateye imbere kurusha ibindi bikoresha imbaraga bifite bigatsikamira ibikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.

Ikindi nuko mu Miryango mpuzamahanga imwe n'imwe cyane cyane iy'ubukungu n'imari nka BankiI y'Isi cyangwa Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari, ibihugu bitangamo imigabane myinshi bihabwa amajwi menshi ugereranyije n'ibitangamo mikeya. Icyakora ubu busumbane buremewe mu mategeko kuko ibihugu bigize iyo miryango byabwemeranyijeho mu gihe cy'ishyirwaho ryayo.

Ukutavogerwa kw'ibihugu Muri rusange, ubusugire ibihugu bifite butuma buri gihugu cyumva ko nta kindi kintu kiri hejuru yacyo.

Iri hame ry'ukutavogerwa kw'ibihugu ryemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga ko ibihugu byose bifite uburenganzira ku kutavogerwa kw'imipaka yabyo no ku bubasha bufite nka Leta. Urugero : ububasha bwo gukora no gucunga ifaranga ry'igihugu.

Leta zonyine nizo zifite ubu bubasha. Imiryango mpuzamahanga ntabwo ibufite.

Ni nayo mpamvu Imiryango mpuzamahanga ishyirwaho na za Leta kandi igahuza Leta ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi.

Mu mateka y'imibanire y'ibihugu, ntabwo iri hame ry'ubutavogerwa bw'ibihugu ryubahirizwa iteka n'ibihugu byose.

Mu myaka ya kera habayeho ivogerwa rya bimwe mu bihugu iyo ibindi bihugu byabaga bifitemo inyungu runaka.

Ingero : IRAQ yateye KUWAIT na AMERIKA itera IRAQ, nta rundi rwego rubyemeje. Amerika n'Uburayi bari bemeje gutera Syria badategereje icyemezo cya LONI Muri Gicurasi 1960, Inzego z'ubutasi za Israyeli zashimuse ku butaka bwa Argentine umugabo witwa Adolf EICHMANN wari warahahungiye kubera uruhare rwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi. Agejejwe muri Isirayeli yaciriwe urubanza akatirwa urwo gupfa. Mu budage muri 1963, umusilikare mukuru w'Umufaransa witwa ARGOUD yahashimutiwe n'inzego z'ubutasi z'Ubufaransa zimujyana iwabo ashinjwa kuba yaragambaniye igihugu cye mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Ubufaransa muri Alijeriya.

Ibi ni Akajagari ko mu mibanire mpuzamahanga .

Gishingiye ku nyungu zacyo mu bihe bitandukanye, igihugu gishobora guhitamo, mu mibanire yacyo n'ikindi, gukoresha ingufu n'iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha kureshya no kwikundisha.Iyo igihugu kigerageje gukoresha mu buryo bugereranije izi nzira zombi, ukurikije uko imibanire yacyo n'ikindi iteye, kigera ku musaruro ushimishije. 6. Uburemere bw'amasezerano mpuzamahanga .

Amasezerano mpuzamahanga asumba amategeko y'ibihugu byayashyizeho umukono. Ibihugu bifite uburenganzira bwo kwinjira no kuva mu Miryango mpuzamahanga. Ariko hari ibihugu bitemera ko amasezerano mpuzamahanga aruta amategeko yabyo byitwaje ko ayo masezerano agira agaciro ari uko igihugu cyiyemeje.

Mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 190 y'Itegeko Nshinga yemera ko amasezerano mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono ari hejuru y'amategeko iyo akurikizwa uko ateye n'ibindi bihugu: Iyo amaze gutangazwa mu igazeti ya Leta, amasezerano mpuzamahanga yemejwe burundu mu buryo buteganywa n'amategeko, agira agaciro gasumba ak'amategeko asanzwe keretse iyo adakurikijwe n'urundi ruhande.